Who were Alexander's parents?
- Philip II and Olympius
Who did Alexander think his father was?
- Zeus
How long did Alexander's expedition last?
- 11 years
How long did Alexander role?
- 13 years
Who was Alexander's tutor?
- Aristotle
How old was Alexander when he became the king?
- 20
How old was Alexander when he died?
- 32
Where was Alexander born?
- Pella
What book did Alexander put under his pillow?
- Illiad
Where did Alexander die?
- Babylon
What city did Alexander kill every man?
- Gaza
What was the name of Alexander's horse?
- Bucephalus
What city did it take Alexander 7 months to invade?
- Tyre
What two areas were brought together from the Hellenistic?
- East and West
How long did it take Alexander to quell the first rebellion?
- 2 years
Saturday, March 12, 2016
Thursday, March 10, 2016
Test Question
1) How old was Alexander when he became the king of Macedonia?
- 20
2) Who was Alexander's teacher?
- Aristotle
3) Where did Alexander conquer?
- Persia, Egypt and part of Asia
4) What are the impacts of Alexander's conquers?
- he adopted Persian dress and customs- blend western and eastern culture
- included people from Persian and other islands in his army
- spread Greek culture
5) What's the difference between Alexander and Darius in the battlefield?
- Alexander fought with his soldiers and protected them
- Darius just stayed far away and commanded
6) What did Egyptians do when Alexander marched here?
- They welcomed Alexander and titled him pharaoh
7) True or False: Egyptian culture and tradition were reserved after Alexander took over it
- True
8) Where did Alexander die?
- Babylon
9) True or False: Alexander recruited Persian people to be in his army
- True
10) Where is Alexander's tomb now?
- In a museum in England
How did Alexander die? take 11 days to die
No exact answer yet. Might be murdered by his man, died by poison, drunk a lot, or got a fever.
How did Philip die?
He was murdered by his guard, or Alexander
Who killed Darius and why?
His office because he fled from battlefield twice
Who used Alexander's strategies?
Julius Caesar; Napoleon; George Washington; George Patton
What was the name of Alexander's horse?
Bucephalus
Who were Alexander's parents?
Philip II and Olympius
What happened when he was away from home?
His father married another woman and had a child
- 20
2) Who was Alexander's teacher?
- Aristotle
3) Where did Alexander conquer?
- Persia, Egypt and part of Asia
4) What are the impacts of Alexander's conquers?
- he adopted Persian dress and customs- blend western and eastern culture
- included people from Persian and other islands in his army
- spread Greek culture
5) What's the difference between Alexander and Darius in the battlefield?
- Alexander fought with his soldiers and protected them
- Darius just stayed far away and commanded
6) What did Egyptians do when Alexander marched here?
- They welcomed Alexander and titled him pharaoh
7) True or False: Egyptian culture and tradition were reserved after Alexander took over it
- True
8) Where did Alexander die?
- Babylon
9) True or False: Alexander recruited Persian people to be in his army
- True
10) Where is Alexander's tomb now?
- In a museum in England
How did Alexander die? take 11 days to die
No exact answer yet. Might be murdered by his man, died by poison, drunk a lot, or got a fever.
How did Philip die?
He was murdered by his guard, or Alexander
Who killed Darius and why?
His office because he fled from battlefield twice
Who used Alexander's strategies?
Julius Caesar; Napoleon; George Washington; George Patton
What was the name of Alexander's horse?
Bucephalus
Who were Alexander's parents?
Philip II and Olympius
What happened when he was away from home?
His father married another woman and had a child
Tuesday, March 8, 2016
Alexander Video
- historians debate for Alexander's death
- his body was missing after he died
- for centuries his body lay on the city of Alexandria
- alexanders tomb is one of the archeologist holy grails
- his tomb now is in a museum in England
- his brilliant war techniques are still used for many military colleges today
- his soldiers were so loyal to him
- he fought with his soldiers and knew their names
- over the centuries military commanders still relied on his strategies
- George Washington's military strategies owed a lot to Alexander
- Napoleon was also influenced by Alexander a lot
- like Alexander he built his power on a series of daring military victories
- he was inspired totally loyalty from his men
- they both knew their soldiers by names and rewarded them for their bravery on the battlefield
- George S Patton was like Alexander
- he studied his enemies for weaknesses
- he most admired Alexander for the discipline he instilled in his troop
- Alexander created a new trade route and cultural relationships between eastern and western
- he spread Greek culture
- Alexander the Great became the symbol of unbridled ambition
- two and half thousand years later we are still talking about his amazing explosion
- his body was missing after he died
- for centuries his body lay on the city of Alexandria
- alexanders tomb is one of the archeologist holy grails
- his tomb now is in a museum in England
- his brilliant war techniques are still used for many military colleges today
- his soldiers were so loyal to him
- he fought with his soldiers and knew their names
- over the centuries military commanders still relied on his strategies
- George Washington's military strategies owed a lot to Alexander
- Napoleon was also influenced by Alexander a lot
- like Alexander he built his power on a series of daring military victories
- he was inspired totally loyalty from his men
- they both knew their soldiers by names and rewarded them for their bravery on the battlefield
- George S Patton was like Alexander
- he studied his enemies for weaknesses
- he most admired Alexander for the discipline he instilled in his troop
- Alexander created a new trade route and cultural relationships between eastern and western
- he spread Greek culture
- Alexander the Great became the symbol of unbridled ambition
- two and half thousand years later we are still talking about his amazing explosion
Saturday, March 5, 2016
Alexander the Great The Man Behind the Legend Continue
- Alexander went to Egypt and was welcome
- gave him title pharaoh and he thought of himself as true living god
- Egyptian culture and tradition were still allowed after taking over
- his mother told him his father was Zeus
- oracle: a psychic, someone that could see the future
- phalanx 16x16
- his strategies were still used today (West Point)
- Darius was murdered by his office because he fled from battle for a second time
- Hindu Kush mountain was one of the most difficult paths to go through
- recruited Persians to be in his army
- wanted his soldiers to marry Persian women in order to merge different cultures
- treated his soldiers badly in the end
- once killed one of them when he was drunk
- died in Babylon probably caused by his soldiers
- Babylon was where he wanted to build his capital
Thursday, March 3, 2016
Alexander the Great The Man Behind the Legend
After the golden age of Athens Athenians lost the Peloponnesian War
→ no longer was a big powerful place
Alexander
→ no longer was a big powerful place
Alexander
- blend west and east (Hellenistic)
- in 323 BC
- born in Pella in 356 BC
- his father was Philip II (monarchy)
- Philip missed his right eye because of the war
- learnt military training and leadership from his father
- his mother was Olympus who was a powerful women
- his mother always drunk a lot
- he learnt Greek culture from his master Aristotle
- he was away from home 3 years old and went back 16 years old
- during that time his father married another woman and had a new son
- his father wanted his new son to be the next king which made Alexander angry
- In 336 BC his father died (probably he killed his father)
- he became the king at 20 years old
Battles
- Greeks under his father's rule rebelled and he killed them
- In 334 BC he left Pella with his soldiers
- he invaded Persia and the king of Persia was Darius III at that time
- he marched to Troy first and then Issus
- he was a military strategic genius
- knew how to do when overnumbered (phalanx 16x16)
- increased morale
After the war Darius fled away
15,000 Persian soldiers were killed in a day during the war
Darius stayed away and watch
Alexander fought with them, he protected them and made them safe
- then he marched to Tyre and occupied there in 7 months
- 7000 people were killed
- then he invaded Gaza and killed all men in city
- Philip missed his right eye because of the war
- learnt military training and leadership from his father
- his mother was Olympus who was a powerful women
- his mother always drunk a lot
- he learnt Greek culture from his master Aristotle
- he was away from home 3 years old and went back 16 years old
- during that time his father married another woman and had a new son
- his father wanted his new son to be the next king which made Alexander angry
- In 336 BC his father died (probably he killed his father)
- he became the king at 20 years old
Battles
- Greeks under his father's rule rebelled and he killed them
- In 334 BC he left Pella with his soldiers
- he invaded Persia and the king of Persia was Darius III at that time
- he marched to Troy first and then Issus
- he was a military strategic genius
- knew how to do when overnumbered (phalanx 16x16)
- increased morale
After the war Darius fled away
15,000 Persian soldiers were killed in a day during the war
Darius stayed away and watch
Alexander fought with them, he protected them and made them safe
- then he marched to Tyre and occupied there in 7 months
- 7000 people were killed
- then he invaded Gaza and killed all men in city
Wednesday, March 2, 2016
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Alexander: sought to meld culture with Greeks
From Egyptian Alexandria to Asian Alexandrias linked together → shared Greek culture and common language
But had its own traditional ways of life, religion and government
Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria
Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences → Hellenistic culture
Language: Konie (direct result of culture blending) → enabled people had different backgrounds to communicate
Trade and Cultural Diversity
The Egyptian city of Alexandria: the center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization
Trade ships grew and prosper because of Alexandria's thriving commerce
By the third century BC Alexandria became an international community → diverse population exceeded half of a million people
Alexandria's Attractions
Both residents and visitors admired Alexandria's great beauty
- avenues lined with statues of Greek gods
- magnificent royal palaces
- a much visited tomb contained Alexandria's glass coffin
- an enormous stone lighthouse called Pharos
Museum (a temple dedicated to the Muses): institute of advanced study
Library (first true researched library)
Contained many masterpieces of ancient literature → helped scholars produce commentaries to explain these works
Science and Technology
Alexandrian scholars provided most of the scientific knowledge available to the West until 16th and 17th centuries
Astronomy
Museum contained a small observatory helped astronomers study the planets and stars
Aristarchus of Samos:
1) Sun was at least 300 times larger than Earth
2) Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
Ptolemy:
- incorrectly placed Earth at the center of the solar system
- astronomers accepted this view for the next 14 centuries
Eratosthenes (director of the Alexandrian Library):
- try to calculate Earth's size (28,000-29,000 miles)
- morden measurements 24,860 miles
- astronomer, mathematician, poet and historian
Mathematics and Physics
Euclid (mathematician):
- compiled a geometry text (Aristarchus and Eratosthenes used)
- taught in Alexandria
- best-known book was Elements
Archimedes of Syracuse (scientist):
- studied at Alexandria
- estimated the value of pi
- explained the law of the lever
- invented Archimedes screw and compound pulley
- Hellenistic scientists built a force pump using his ideas
Philosophy and Art
The teaching of Plato and Aristotle continued to be influential
In the third century BC philosophers concerned how people should live their lives
Stoicism and Epicureanism
Stoicism:
- the school of philosophy founded by Zeno (335-263 BC)
- people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or the natural laws that God established to run the universe
- human desires, power and wealth were dangerous distractions
Epicureanism:
- the school founded by Epicurus
- gods who had no interest in humans ruled the universe
- real objects were only perceived by five senses
- greatest good and highest pleasure came from virtuous conduct and the absence of pain
- main goal of human was to achieve harmony of body and mind
- epicurean: a person devoted to pursuing human pleasure, especially the enjoyment of good food
- advocated moderation
Realism in Sculpture
People used statues to honor gods, commemorate heroes and portray ordinary people
Colossus of Rhodes:
- largest Hellenistic statue
- created on the island of Rhodes
- bronze
- 100 feet high
- one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
- toppled by an earthquake in 225 BC
Nike (Winged Victory) of Samothrace:
- found on Rhodes
- created in 203 BC to commemorate a Greek naval victory
Hellenistic sculpture created more natural works → feel free to explore new subjects,
Carving ordinary people such as an old wrinkled peasant woman
By 150 BC the Hellenistic world was decline
Rome → Greek culture was preserved and became the core of Western civilization
From Egyptian Alexandria to Asian Alexandrias linked together → shared Greek culture and common language
But had its own traditional ways of life, religion and government
Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria
Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences → Hellenistic culture
Language: Konie (direct result of culture blending) → enabled people had different backgrounds to communicate
Trade and Cultural Diversity
The Egyptian city of Alexandria: the center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization
Trade ships grew and prosper because of Alexandria's thriving commerce
By the third century BC Alexandria became an international community → diverse population exceeded half of a million people
Alexandria's Attractions
Both residents and visitors admired Alexandria's great beauty
- avenues lined with statues of Greek gods
- magnificent royal palaces
- a much visited tomb contained Alexandria's glass coffin
- an enormous stone lighthouse called Pharos
Museum (a temple dedicated to the Muses): institute of advanced study
Library (first true researched library)
Contained many masterpieces of ancient literature → helped scholars produce commentaries to explain these works
Science and Technology
Alexandrian scholars provided most of the scientific knowledge available to the West until 16th and 17th centuries
Astronomy
Museum contained a small observatory helped astronomers study the planets and stars
Aristarchus of Samos:
1) Sun was at least 300 times larger than Earth
2) Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
Ptolemy:
- incorrectly placed Earth at the center of the solar system
- astronomers accepted this view for the next 14 centuries
Eratosthenes (director of the Alexandrian Library):
- try to calculate Earth's size (28,000-29,000 miles)
- morden measurements 24,860 miles
- astronomer, mathematician, poet and historian
Mathematics and Physics
Euclid (mathematician):
- compiled a geometry text (Aristarchus and Eratosthenes used)
- taught in Alexandria
- best-known book was Elements
Archimedes of Syracuse (scientist):
- studied at Alexandria
- estimated the value of pi
- explained the law of the lever
- invented Archimedes screw and compound pulley
- Hellenistic scientists built a force pump using his ideas
Philosophy and Art
The teaching of Plato and Aristotle continued to be influential
In the third century BC philosophers concerned how people should live their lives
Stoicism and Epicureanism
Stoicism:
- the school of philosophy founded by Zeno (335-263 BC)
- people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or the natural laws that God established to run the universe
- human desires, power and wealth were dangerous distractions
Epicureanism:
- the school founded by Epicurus
- gods who had no interest in humans ruled the universe
- real objects were only perceived by five senses
- greatest good and highest pleasure came from virtuous conduct and the absence of pain
- main goal of human was to achieve harmony of body and mind
- epicurean: a person devoted to pursuing human pleasure, especially the enjoyment of good food
- advocated moderation
Realism in Sculpture
People used statues to honor gods, commemorate heroes and portray ordinary people
Colossus of Rhodes:
- largest Hellenistic statue
- created on the island of Rhodes
- bronze
- 100 feet high
- one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
- toppled by an earthquake in 225 BC
Nike (Winged Victory) of Samothrace:
- found on Rhodes
- created in 203 BC to commemorate a Greek naval victory
Hellenistic sculpture created more natural works → feel free to explore new subjects,
Carving ordinary people such as an old wrinkled peasant woman
By 150 BC the Hellenistic world was decline
Rome → Greek culture was preserved and became the core of Western civilization
Tuesday, March 1, 2016
Timelines and Battles
Today at the beginning of the class we discussed about what Macedonia was and why it was so important. Then we talked about the privacy and terrorism.
- Macedonia was north of Greece
- Wanted to take control of Greece and Persia
- Alexander was taught by Aristotle and learnt many skills as the prince
- Alexander was taught by Aristotle and learnt many skills as the prince
Timelines
- In 359 BC Philip became the king of Macedonia
- In 338 BC Philip prepared to invade Greece, Athens and Thebes joined forces to fight Philip
- In 336 BC Philip was murdered in his daughter's weeding, then Alexander proclaimed himself king of Macedonia
- In 334 BC Alexander invaded Persia (the first battle)
- In 332 BC Alexander marched to Egypt (the second battle)
- In 326 BC Alexander and his army reached Indus Valley but then they turned back
- In 323 BC Alexander and his army reached Babylon, then died at the age of 32
Battle of Philip
Macedonians defeated Greeks at the battle of Chaeronea → ended Greek independence
Self-government in local affairs but firmly under the control of a succession of foreign power
Battle of Alexander
1) The first battle
In 334 BC Alexander invaded Persia
Two forces met at the Granicus River (35,000 Macedonian soldiers and 40,000 Persian defenders)
Alexander ordered his cavalry to attack first
Then Darius III raised a huge army (50,000-75,000) to crush the invaders but failed
Alexander broke through a weak point in Persian line and the army charged straight at Darius
This victory gave Alexander control over Anatolia
2) The second battle
Darius tried to negotiate a peace settlement (the lands west of Euphrates River)
Alexander rejected → conquer the entire Persian Empire
In 332 BC Alexander marched to a Persian territory, Egypt
Egyptians welcomed him as the liberator → crowned him pharaoh
Founded the city of Alexandria at the mouth of Nile
Two armies met at Gaugamela (250,000 Persian soldiers)
Alexander: phalanx and cavalry → his victory ended Persia's power
Occupied many wealthy cities and burned Persia's royal capital
Macedonians defeated Greeks at the battle of Chaeronea → ended Greek independence
Self-government in local affairs but firmly under the control of a succession of foreign power
Battle of Alexander
1) The first battle
In 334 BC Alexander invaded Persia
Two forces met at the Granicus River (35,000 Macedonian soldiers and 40,000 Persian defenders)
Alexander ordered his cavalry to attack first
Then Darius III raised a huge army (50,000-75,000) to crush the invaders but failed
Alexander broke through a weak point in Persian line and the army charged straight at Darius
This victory gave Alexander control over Anatolia
2) The second battle
Darius tried to negotiate a peace settlement (the lands west of Euphrates River)
Alexander rejected → conquer the entire Persian Empire
In 332 BC Alexander marched to a Persian territory, Egypt
Egyptians welcomed him as the liberator → crowned him pharaoh
Founded the city of Alexandria at the mouth of Nile
Two armies met at Gaugamela (250,000 Persian soldiers)
Alexander: phalanx and cavalry → his victory ended Persia's power
Occupied many wealthy cities and burned Persia's royal capital
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